
Billions of dollars in pharmaceutical waste every year from an electrostatic problem. The solution had been published in a scientific journal in the 1990s. Nobody had been able to break through the hierarchy of pharmaceutical companies to implement it. Nandakishore, a participant, managed to do it. He demonstrated to multiple companies and stopped the wastage. Personal excellence through state choice is not about performing better under the same conditions. It is about the iterative cycle where each state upgrade enables a capability upgrade, which enables the next state upgrade. Nandakishore's industry breakthrough was not strategic. It was the natural consequence of who he had become through these cycles.